Localized Dictionaries for Mozilla Thunderbird
Installing a new dictionary into your version of Mozilla Thunderbird is easy. You can drag the url for the desired dictionary listed below and drop it on the extensions manager window in Thunderbird (Tools / Extensions). Or, you can save the dictionary file locally on your hard drive. Under Tools / Extensions, press the Install button and then select the file you saved. After successfully installing the dictionary, you will not see it listed in the extension manager. It will appear in the list of available dictionaries in the spell checker dialog.
Warning: clicking on the URL directly may cause it to get installed into your browser if you are using the Mozilla suite or Firefox. Be sure to save the file instead of opening it.
OpenOffice.org Dictionaries and Thunderbird
Alternatively, OpenOffice.org also uses dictionary files compatible with Thunderbird. To install the OpenOffice.org dictionaries, copy the *.dic and *.aff files from the zip file to the components/myspell directory of your Thunderbird installation. You can also change the "_" in both filenames to "-", for example rename es_ES.aff and es_ES.dic to es-ES.aff and es-ES.aff. This causes the spellcheck dialog to report the language and country and not just the filename.
